Feudal Mode of Production among African States
In African society’s feudal mode of production existed in different forms depending on the place in which it existed. In the interlacustrine area, the power of the ruler depended on the ownership and the control of land. This system of feudal relation was called Nyarubanja in Karagwe, and Buhaya.
a) In Buganda it was known as Nvunjo and Busulu. The Kabaka was in charge of all productive forces which included women, cattle, land and tools and his subject paid feudal rent to him known as Nvujo or Busulu in case of land.
b) Ubugabire developed between the Tutsi and Hutu in Rwanda, Burundi and Buha. The feudal relationship in these areas depended on cattle ownership. The Tutsi could transfer some of their cattle to Hutu. The donor thus became the master (SEBUJA) of the recipient (BAGABIRE) the Omugabire and his family was obliged to perform duties for the master by cultivating and governing the property of the master.
c) Umwinyi , It existed along the Coast of East Africa. The Wamwinyi controlled land, tenants and serfs, monopolized economic and political power. The tenants and the serfs lived on the land of feudal lords in return for labor services and tribute. The Wamwinyi were political and religious leaders.
d) In Zanzibar the relationship of Umwinyi based on racism and religion .The society was divided into Arab, Shiraz and Africans in decreasing order of autonomy. The religion of Islam divided people into different categories; heathen (Washenzi) the non African Muslims and civilized (Waungwana) Arabs, Shiraz ,and Muslim Africans
e) The Wanyamwezi and Wasukuma; the power of the leader was based on the control of the producers themselves .The ability to control and mobilize labor was ideologically based. The Mtemi led the people to new land (kutema) wherever it was available .In Ethiopia tenant rented houses and were subjected to land lords.
In African society’s feudal mode of production existed in different forms depending on the place in which it existed. In the interlacustrine area, the power of the ruler depended on the ownership and the control of land. This system of feudal relation was called Nyarubanja in Karagwe, and Buhaya.
a) In Buganda it was known as Nvunjo and Busulu. The Kabaka was in charge of all productive forces which included women, cattle, land and tools and his subject paid feudal rent to him known as Nvujo or Busulu in case of land.
b) Ubugabire developed between the Tutsi and Hutu in Rwanda, Burundi and Buha. The feudal relationship in these areas depended on cattle ownership. The Tutsi could transfer some of their cattle to Hutu. The donor thus became the master (SEBUJA) of the recipient (BAGABIRE) the Omugabire and his family was obliged to perform duties for the master by cultivating and governing the property of the master.
c) Umwinyi , It existed along the Coast of East Africa. The Wamwinyi controlled land, tenants and serfs, monopolized economic and political power. The tenants and the serfs lived on the land of feudal lords in return for labor services and tribute. The Wamwinyi were political and religious leaders.
d) In Zanzibar the relationship of Umwinyi based on racism and religion .The society was divided into Arab, Shiraz and Africans in decreasing order of autonomy. The religion of Islam divided people into different categories; heathen (Washenzi) the non African Muslims and civilized (Waungwana) Arabs, Shiraz ,and Muslim Africans
e) The Wanyamwezi and Wasukuma; the power of the leader was based on the control of the producers themselves .The ability to control and mobilize labor was ideologically based. The Mtemi led the people to new land (kutema) wherever it was available .In Ethiopia tenant rented houses and were subjected to land lords.
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